First-ever vaccine against Epstein-Barr virus shows promise
Researchers have developed the first-ever vaccine for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), preventing the emergence of associated tumours and potentially averting dangerous health complications like multiple sclerosis.
The vaccine counters EBV and stops it from evolving. (Photo courtesy: Getty)
New Delhi,UPDATED: Aug 9, 2023 19:29 IST
Researchers have made a major breakthrough in developing the first-ever vaccine for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which causes mononucleosis (IM or 'mono'), also known as glandular fever.
EBV, a member of the herpes family of viruses, spreads through the exchange of saliva. While 95 per cent of the world's population carries this virus, for most individuals, infection occurs during early childhood and remains dormant, devoid of any significant symptoms.
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The virus can lead to further health issues like cancer and multiple sclerosis (MS).
The team of scientists, from the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Australia, who have published their findings in the journal Nature Communications, have been able to design a vaccine targeting lymph nodes in mice, which are the key players in the functioning of the body's immune system.
This vaccine not only elicited antibodies and T cells to combat EBV, but it also revealed the ability to induce a specific type of immunity that safeguards against the emergence of EBV-associated tumours.
By intervening early on and thwarting the activities of EBV, this vaccine prevents the dire consequences that can ensue, such as brain inflammation that may trigger the onset of MS.
"Our ingenious invention involves the creation of what we refer to as another dimension of the immune system, aptly named T cells. By merging these T cells with antibodies, our groundbreaking formulation stimulates the production of both, fortifying both the antibody and T cell immune responses," said immunologist, Rajiv Khanna, from the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute.
However, the true perils unfurl when an individual misses this early inoculation and falls prey to the EBV later in life, particularly during adolescence.
This is when the virus causes mono (or glandular fever), as well as heightening the risk of specific throat, nose, and even MS-related cancers.
With human clinical trials on the horizon, there is more research to ensure comprehensive trials. These trials could commence as early as 2024 or 2025.
